Year 1609 (MDCIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar.
January–June
July–December
- July 6 – Bohemia is granted freedom of religion (Letter of Majesty).
- July 23 – Jamestown: A hurricane at sea separates the 9 ships (600 more settlers) en route, one ship sinks, and the ship Sea Venture wrecks at Bermuda.
- July 28 – Bermuda is first settled by survivors of the English Sea Venture, en route to Virginia.
- July 30 – At what is now Crown Point, New York, Samuel de Champlain participates in a battle between the Huron and Iroquois, shooting and killing two Iroquois chiefs; this helps set the tone for French–Iroquois relations for the next 100 years.
- August 25 – Galileo Galilei demonstrates his first telescope to Venetian lawmakers.
- August 28 – Henry Hudson is the first European to see Delaware Bay.
- August – Jamestown: Seven ships arrive at the colony, with 200–300 men, women, and children, reporting that the Sea Venture wrecked near Bermuda.
- September 2 – Henry Hudson enters New York Bay aboard the Halve Maen.
- September 10 – Jamestown: Capt. George Percy replaces Captain John Smith as president of the Council, and Smith returns to England.
- September 11 – Valencia expels all the Moriscos (see April 4).
- September 12 – Henry Hudson discovers the Hudson River aboard the Halve Maen.
- October 12 – "Three Blind Mice" is published by London teenage songwriter Thomas Ravenscroft.
Undated
Births
- February 10 – John Suckling, English poet (d. 1642)
- February 18 – Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon, English historian and statesman (d. 1674)
- March 22 – John II Casimir of Poland (d. 1672)
- March 28 – King Frederick III of Denmark (d. 1670)
- March 29 – Sarah Boyle, English noblewoman (d. 1633)
- May 16 (or 1610) – Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand, Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands (d. 1641)
- June 29 – Pierre Paul Riquet, French engineer and canal builder (d. 1680)
- August 6 – Richard Bennett, British Colonial Governor of Virginia (d. 1675)
- August 19 – Jean Rotrou, French poet and tragedian (d. 1650)
- October 5 – Paul Fleming, German poet (d. 1640)
- October 8 – John Clarke, English physician (d. 1676)
- October 26 – William Sprague, English co-founder of Charlestown, Massachusetts (d. 1675)
- November 1 – Matthew Hale, Lord Chief Justice of England (d. 1676)
- November 25 – Henrietta Maria of France, queen of Charles I of England (d. 1669)
- November 26 – Henry Dunster, first President of Harvard College (d. 1659)
- December 24 – Philip Warwick, English writer and politician (d. 1683)
- date unknown
- probable – Gauthier de Costes, seigneur de la Calprenède, French novelist and dramatist (d. 1663)
Deaths
- January 21 – Joseph Justus Scaliger, French Protestant scholar (b. 1540)
- February 17 – Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1549)
- March – James Hamilton, 3rd Earl of Arran (b. c. 1537)
- March 9 – William Warner, English poet (b. c. 1558)
- March 22 – Al-Jilani, Persian physician
- March 25 – Olaus Martini, Swedish Archbishop of Uppsala (b. 1557)
- April 4 – Charles de L'Ecluse, Flemish botanist (b. 1526)
- April 8 – Mark Kerr, 1st Earl of Lothian, Scottish statesman (b. 1553)
- May 15 – Giovanni Croce, Italian composer (b. 1557)
- July 15 – Annibale Carracci, Italian painter (b. 1560)
- July 20 – Federico Zuccari, Italian painter (b. 1543)
- August 22 – Maharal of Prague, Jewish mystic and philosopher (b. 1525)
- October 1 – Gianmatteo Asola, Italian composer (b. c. 1532)
- October 19 – Jacobus Arminius, Dutch Reformed theologian (b. 1560)
- December 4 – Alexander Hume, Scottish poet (b. 1560)
- date unknown
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